What are resources? Resources See what "Resources" is in other dictionaries

In the most general sense, resources (from the French resource - an auxiliary tool) are money, values, reserves, opportunities, sources of funds, income. Usually, economic resources are emphasized - everything that is necessary for the production process.

It should be noted that along with the concept of "resources of production" in the economic literature, the concept of "factors of production" is often used as a synonym. Factor (from Latin factor - making, producing) - the reason, the driving force of any process, phenomenon that determines it or its individual features.

In fact, there is something in common between them - that resources and factors are the same natural and social forces through which production is carried out. The difference between them lies in the fact that the resources include those natural and social forces that can be involved in production, and the factors include the resources actually involved in this process. Based on this, the concept of "resources" is broader than "factors of production".

Today, in Western economic theory, it is customary to divide the factors of production into three groups.

1. Land as a factor of production is a natural resource and includes all the benefits granted by nature (land, water, minerals, etc.) used in the production process.

2. Capital - everything that can generate income, or resources created by people for the production of goods and services. Such an approach to this category synthesizes the views of Western economists on capital (for example, A. Smith interpreted capital as accumulated labor, D. Ricardo as a means of production, J. Robinson considered money as capital). In Marxist political economy, capital was understood differently - primarily as a value that brings surplus value ("self-increasing value").

3. Labor is a purposeful activity of people that requires the application of mental and physical efforts, during which they transform natural objects to meet their needs. Strictly speaking, the factor "labor" includes entrepreneurial abilities. They are sometimes treated as a separate factor of production. The fact is that land, labor and capital cannot create anything by themselves until they are united in a certain proportion by the entrepreneur, the organizer of production. It is for this reason that the activities of entrepreneurs, their abilities (entrepreneurship) are often considered as an independent factor of production.

In addition to these three main resources at the societal level, factors such as the general culture, which differ from society to society, are often taken into account; a science that has a universal, universal character; social factors, primarily the state of morality; legal culture.

An increasingly significant role in the transition to the post-industrial stage of development of society is played by such a factor as information.

Information resources are resources in the form of scientific, scientific and technical, design, technological, statistical, management information and other types of spiritual and intellectual values ​​necessary for the creation (production) of economic benefits.

In modern Russian economic literature, resources are usually divided into four groups:

1) natural resources - potentially suitable for use in production, natural forces and substances of nature;

2) material resources - all created by man (ie.

E. man-made) means of production, which are themselves the result of production;

3) labor (human) resources - population of working age capable of work;

4) financial (in other words, investment, or monetary) resources - funds that the company is able to allocate for the organization or development (expansion) of production.

The significance of certain types of resources changed as the transition from pre-industrial to industrial technology, and then from it to post-industrial technology. At the first stage, priority belonged to natural and labor resources, at the second stage - material, in a post-industrial society - intellectual and information resources.

In the broadest sense, resources in the economy are stocks and real flows of all types of technological factors used in social production at the inputs to a given block converter, jointly providing the given result - the product - obtained at its output. These include not only fixed and circulating production assets, labor and natural resources necessary for organizing the process, including technological information. The products of one block can act as a resource for another link in the economic system in the chain of technological transformations.

When the concept of resources includes their potential reserves in the system as a whole, one often speaks of resource potential (for example, for certain types or groups of resources - production potential, scientific potential, etc.).

In a narrower interpretation, the concept of resources covers only material (material and energy) flows of means of production and labor flows at the inputs to the corresponding block converter that are subject to subsequent transformation.

Economic resources that can be used in society to meet needs are always limited, have quantitative and qualitative limits. The ability to bypass private restrictions does not fundamentally change anything. The scarcity of resources is a fundamental problem of economic science: if resources were available in unlimited quantities, then all the benefits necessary to meet the needs of society would be produced in sufficient quantities.

In economic theory, absolute and relative scarcity of resources are distinguished. Absolute scarcity means that resources cannot in principle be increased. Relative scarcity means that certain resources can be increased, but to a lesser extent compared to growing needs.

Limited resources implies the need to determine (evaluate) production capabilities. Production possibilities - this is the largest volume of output, which is achieved with the full use of society's resources.

Since resources are limited, society is forced to constantly make a choice, that is, decide which of the needs should be satisfied and which should not.

Thus, the limited resources determine the alternativeness of their use, necessitates an alternative choice from among mutually exclusive possibilities (alternatives). From the set of acceptable options for the use of resources, the most optimal from the point of view of the goals of society is selected.

An alternative choice between directions of resource use can be displayed in the form of a scale of production possibilities (table form) or in the form of a production possibilities curve (graphic form).

For illustration, we can use the following classic, albeit extremely primitive, example given by P. Samuelson. Suppose you need to produce two types of goods - guns and butter. All resources can be directed to the production of one good or both goods, but in a certain proportion (see Table 1):

Table 1.

Alternative Manufacturing Opportunities

Based on the data presented, it is possible to construct a production possibilities graph, which is also called the transformation curve (Fig. 4). The economic meaning of the transformations is that society must make a technological choice in the economy, determine the required volume of production of each good and ensure the appropriate distribution of resources.

Rice. 4 Production possibilities curve

The set of points on the production possibilities curve reflects those states in the economy (A, B, C, D, E, F) in which the full use of available resources is ensured and the greatest output of goods is achieved (the production possibility frontier).

In the case of incomplete use of the resources at the disposal of society (in the presence of unemployment or incomplete utilization of production capacities), the ratio between the production of goods is given by a point (for example, X), which is located closer to the origin of coordinates (compared to the points on the transformation curve). With this option, it is possible to increase the output of these goods due to a more complete use of resources.

The production of goods in volumes in excess of those given by the production possibilities curve at points located above the lines (for example, Y) is impossible, i.e. it is impossible to go beyond it at a given level of development of the productive forces.

Based on the analysis of transformation curves, if they are built for different countries, one can judge their production potential. It should also be noted here that the transition from a lower to a higher production possibilities curve, which becomes possible as a result of the application of new technologies and techniques, scientific discoveries and inventions, is not excluded.

In the form of the graph, one can see the economic consequences (a kind of "price") of making a decision on the proportions of the production of goods. In this case, the price is not always expressed in money, but it always reflects the opportunity cost, or opportunity cost (opportunity cost).

Opportunity cost (opportunity cost) is understood as the amount of goods of one type that should be abandoned (give away, "sacrifice") in order to receive a certain amount of goods of another type (more preferable).

• Resource means that allow, with the help of certain transformations, to obtain the desired result.
  • Resource (equipment) - the amount of work for which a machine, building, etc. is calculated. After the resource is exhausted, safe operation is not guaranteed, the device needs major repairs or replacement.
    • Motor resource - engine resource. Measured in hours or kilometers.
  • Administrative resource - in politics, the possibility of using one or another political force of power structures for their own purposes.

Resources

• Natural resources
  • Inexhaustible
  • Exhaustible
• Economic resources
  • Organizational Resources
  • Financial resources
  • Material resources
• Informational resources
  • Network resources
  • Internet resources
  • Editions on CD
• In information technology
  • Resources (Windows), Resources (MacOS), Resources (Java), Resources (Jabber)
• In tourism
  • Natural healing resources

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See what "Resources" is in other dictionaries:

resources- The totality of labor, material, technical and financial resources necessary to perform work in the construction industry [Terminological dictionary for construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] resources Used and ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

- (from the French resource auxiliary means) cash, values, reserves, opportunities, sources of funds, income (for example, natural resources, economic resources) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Funds, stock; repertoire, reserve, potential, reserves, charge Dictionary of Russian synonyms. resources see stock Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

- (from the French. Ressource auxiliary means) cash, values, stocks, opportunities, sources of funds, income (eg, natural resources, economic resources). Political Science: Dictionary Reference. comp. prof. floor of sciences ... ... Political science. Dictionary.

- (resources) This concept includes everything that contributes to economic activity: natural resources (terrestrial, fossil, underwater); human resources, including abilities and qualifications; industrial goods, or ... ... Economic dictionary

- (inosk.) means of strength (in the moral sense), reserve, resourcefulness. Wed Are you sure that I can throw three hundred thousand without feeling depleted of resources later? A. A. Sokolov. Secret. 22. Wed. There was too little in common between them and he began ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

A set of means and sources of their receipt, possible and available for use in solving certain and unforeseen tasks in the mode of normal, optimal and extreme conditions, regardless of the time of use. Resources include… … Emergencies Dictionary

Resources- . A common property of R. is the potential possibility of their participation in production (production R.) and in consumption (consumer R.). At any given moment, R. are limited, and therefore the main task of economic management is their ... ... Economic and Mathematical Dictionary

resources- A source of values, reserves, opportunities, means and incomes for the life and activities of people, among which the most important place is occupied by natural resources ... Geography Dictionary

Funds, opportunities spent on the production of goods and services. Dictionary of business terms. Akademik.ru. 2001 ... Glossary of business terms

- (from fr. resource auxiliary tool) eng. resources; German resourcen. Cash, values, reserves, opportunities, sources of income. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

Books

• Windows Server 2008 Resources Securing (+CD) by Johansson Jesper M. This official Microsoft guide provides a complete, in-depth description of how to plan, deploy, and manage Windows Server 2008 security. In the book…

Resources are the sources, reserves, means and prerequisites necessary for human life. In everyday life, it is energy, emotions and so on. A related concept is .

Resource types

Resources are

• recoverable and not. Partially refers to irreplaceable resources.
• external (money, time) and internal (health, energy - see Resource status)

Resource usage

Resources can be spent, or you can invest, you can earn them on your own and honestly, you can at the expense of others (see Ways of Human Life).

This is the inappropriate use of resources, spending, destruction of resources. Close: Muddler - one who distributes good cheaply.

Contribution is the use of resources aimed at achieving a certain result (as an option - to restore this or another resource).

He cares about his own, he doesn't care about someone else's. He is ready to make up for his own, but to the extent that he needs it. Excess resources are spent on entertainment and pleasure.

Romantic. Usually it does not have resources, because there is nothing to take them from. If suddenly resources fall into his hands, he spends thoughtlessly, often by a noble impulse of the soul, all at once. After such spending, the problem remains, but the resources do not.

He invests all resources: in himself and other talented people next to him. Each contribution must work, each contribution must produce an effective result - this is the main criterion important for the Creator.

A resource is something that can be used to satisfy various human needs. This article will discuss the origin of the term, as well as the main types of resources.

A resource is... The etymology of the term

This term is of French origin. It is based on a modified form of the verb surgere ( get up) and prefix re-. What is the essence of this concept?

A resource is a supply of something that can be used to meet the specific needs of an individual or society. Ressource - this is exactly the form of this word in the original (in French).

The most successful synonym for the word "resource" is "reserve". Also, the synonyms of this term in a certain context can be the following words: "source", "income", "means", "reserve" and some others.

Main types of resources

Among the main types (classes) of resources, the following can be distinguished:

• natural;
• economic;
• labor (human);
• financial (or banking, budgetary);
• administrative;
• informational;
• energy, etc.

In addition, any of the resources, depending on the conditions of its use, can be primary or secondary.

Natural resources are all objects, substances and phenomena that the population of a certain territory (country, region, region) uses to produce various goods, products and services. These include water, atmospheric air, solar energy, minerals (oil, gas, coal, iron ore, etc.), soils, biota (flora and fauna).

Natural resources can be exhaustible (eg oil) or inexhaustible (air), renewable (fresh water) or non-renewable (eg granite).

One important law should be mentioned. He says that all resources are limited, but human needs are, in fact, unlimited. It is precisely this acute contradiction that economics is called upon to resolve.

One of the tools for solving such an important problem is the rational use of resources (or rational use of natural resources). Its essence is to use any resource with maximum benefit for people and with minimal harm to the environment. For example, you can organize a sawmill in a forest area and harvest logs. And you can also build a small plant nearby, which would produce chipboard (chipboard) from sawdust. Thus, a specific resource (forest) will be used more rationally.

Human resources are an important factor in economic development

Many economists argue that the human resource is the most valuable asset of any production. So, according to Valery Gabrielyan, this is capital, investments in which will pay off handsomely. It is not difficult to prove this assertion. One need only look at countries such as Japan, Singapore or South Korea. Not possessing significant natural resources, they were able to achieve success precisely through the efficient use of the human resource.

Modern manufacturing processes are highly technological and complex. Therefore, they require significant investments in the training of professional personnel. Experience shows that the most successful companies (enterprises) are those that have a stable and experienced workforce that knows its tasks and performs them effectively.

Finally...

Translated from French, "resource" is the "source" (or "reserve") of something. In economic theory, this term, as a rule, means everything that can be used to produce specific goods. And among all types of economic resources, a special place belongs to human (or labor). Without them, none of the modern states can be successful.

Article:: Resources: what are they and where can I get them?

Imagine: you are now at point A and really want to get to point B. But on the way you have some kind of thing that really interferes. You can't just pick up and go like that. In order to defeat this thing that interferes, you need some kind of "magic pendel". Additional energy. Something to give you extra energy. In short, a resource

And fourth. Resources are often there somewhere inside, but not in the place where they are needed right now. There is a lot of confidence at home on the couch, but not when communicating with the boss. Naturally, then it is necessary to somehow transfer these same resources from the place of their burial to the place of their use. How oil is pumped out of a well and transported to a plant where gasoline is made from it. But more on that later. First, let's take a closer look at what resources are.

In short, it's probably possible. We have a wonderful pantry inside, in which we have everything we need. In extreme cases, you can always put what is missing there. The main question is how to find what you need right now in this hefty pantry and how to drag it from this pantry to the place where you need it right now.

In general, in NLP it is believed that if a person does not succeed in something, he simply does not have enough choices. In the sense that he simply chooses the best that fits and uses. If this best is not too good, it's nonsense. That is, for a person who is trying to hang himself, this is the best choice for him from those that he has in this situation. If we add elections (resources) to him, he may have something more acceptable.

And if all NLP techniques are actually involved in adding resources, it is very often useful to simply understand what resource and with what it is eaten. That is what needs to be added. How is a separate issue.

What can be a resource

So, a resource is something that can help us achieve a goal. We have many things inside.

• states (calmness, self-confidence);
• qualities (perseverance, perseverance);
• beliefs ("I have the right to be wrong");
• abilities (the ability to choose friends, the ability to convince the interlocutor);
• knowledge (dynamics of change in the price of "Urals" oil on the London Commodity Exchange).

Well, since we have formulas here, let's solve problems.

A.S. – Actual State is your current position. First of all, it is worth paying attention to what does not suit you, what hinders you.

J.S. - Desired State - where we want to get, what result to get.

R. - Resources - what we may need for this.

Task number 1.

A.S. = "I faint at the sight of faces of the opposite female sex."
J.S. = "I communicate with women easily and naturally."
R. =?

Solution.

So, what can help me communicate easily and naturally? What could it be?

R. = calmness (state), self-confidence (state), ability to communicate interestingly (ability), emotionality (quality), "Others communicate, and I can" (belief).

Task number 2.

A.S. = "Preliminary arrangement for a meeting with Petr Vasilievich."
J.S. = "Signing a contract for the supply of two RGU48UD93 engines at the most favorable prices."
R. =?

Solution.

It is clear that the signing of the treaty is the result of negotiations and other accompanying actions. In order for these negotiations and related activities to be carried out in the best possible way, what might be needed?

R. = endurance (state), confidence (state), perseverance (quality), restraint (quality), information about the needs of Peter Vasilyevich (knowledge), prices of previous transactions for similar products (knowledge), the ability to speak easily and convincingly (ability) .

Task number 3.

A.S. = "I don't know English."
J.S. = "I can at least communicate in English with a waiter in a restaurant."
R. =?

Solution.

Clearly, the question is how to learn. What will be required for this?

R. = relaxation (state), calm working capacity (state), easy learning (quality), perseverance (quality), confidence in the need for knowledge of the English language (belief), ability to work independently (ability).

Exercise "What to add?"

Now on your own.

Make up 5-7 such problems for yourself for a variety of situations and solve them yourself.

If you now look at the lists of resources, you may find that some of them are quite versatile and can be useful in almost any situation. Others are quite specific and fit well in one, maximum two situations.

But the most important resource is states. They are structured like a suitcase that contains everything else. If you are confident in yourself (condition), then you will most likely have access to both the ability to speak calmly (ability) and the belief that "you can do it." If you have a state, you have access to everything that lies in it. And, if you need to access an ability or quality, then you just need to pull out the state in which this ability or quality manifests itself.

Every resource has its place

We have already said that what may be a resource in one situation may very well be a hindrance in another. Aggressiveness is often useful in sports wrestling or fighting, but not very good when communicating with friends or loved ones. Drowsiness is quite useful in the evening before going to bed and very out of place in the morning when it is time to go to work. Creativity is a cool thing, but it greatly interferes with work on the assembly line. And so on. As one chemist said: "Dirt is the right substance in the wrong place."

Therefore, let's work with the selection of suitable places. Now we will talk about only one, but quite universal type of resources - states.

Exercise "Your place"

You need to complete the table. In the first column, you write the state, for example: self-confidence, calmness, relaxation, sadness, etc. In the second column - situations in which this condition is most likely for you personally may be helpful. In the third column - where is the state for you personally be more of a hindrance than a help.