Credit card market: in anticipation of a recovery in demand. The market of plastic cards in Russia Legal regulation in the field of plastic cards

1. Fominna E., Kazantzev D. Small business in Russia: state and problems. Mode of access: http://smao.ru/ru/tp/analytics/article_1023.html.

2. Kryukov S. Support of small business increases. (OJSC "RBD"). Mode of access: http://www.rosbr.ru.

Reviewers:

ON THE. Sedelnikova, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Branch of the Omsk State Pedagogical University in Tara;

T.V. Zinkevich, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Administration of the Tara Municipal District, Committee for Economics and Management of Municipal Property.

UDC336.717.13

E.V. Ivanova

Omsk branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation

ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET OF BANKING OPERATIONS WITH PLASTIC CARDS

Plastic cards are a relatively new banking product, but have already managed to take their place among banking services. Working with plastic cards is one of the most promising for banks at the present time. The article analyzes the provision and use of cards, their types are considered and the advantages and disadvantages are identified. The author formulated the problems of development of the bank card market and concluded that in order to intensify the development of the bank card market in the Russian Federation, constant and systematic work with the population and trade enterprises is required to change the stereotypical approach to settlements in the trade network, which must be carried out in close cooperation between credit organizations and authorities. state power and administration.

Key words: bank cards, banks, non-cash payments, international payment system.

In modern conditions of economic development, there is a process of integration of the banking systems of individual states and the development of payment systems, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of payment, which, in turn, are widely used in the modern world. One of the instruments of non-cash payments is a plastic card. In economically developed countries, a plastic card is the main attribute of the sphere of trade and services. Carrying out transactions with the help of payment cards shows the degree of integration of the banking system and society. Suffice it to say that non-cash payment for goods and services in industrialized countries reaches 90% in the structure of all monetary transactions.

The payment card market is increasingly becoming a field of competition between Russian banks. Bank card transactions are among the most profitable types of banking activities. On average, the income per unit of cost in the card business is higher than in other types of operations.

If we compare bank cards with deposit accounts as a mechanism for attracting funds from the population, then the former are less effective, because the interest rate on them can be significantly lower than the interest rate on the deposit. But interest in cards remains, since it is due not so much to interest as to other factors: ease of use, automatic provision of a bank loan, the possibility of repayment.

to delay the repayment of the debt, regular receipt of complete information about the operations performed.

The introduction of a settlement system based on bank cards also has advantages for the bank: overcoming spatial restrictions on attracting and serving clients; attraction of new corporate and private clients; increase in working capital; reduction of overhead costs.

The market of bank cards has received rather wide development in Russia. Plastic cards occupy a leading position in Russia among other retail payment instruments. But, despite the rapid development of the Russian card market and the steady growth of all its indicators, cards in Russia still have not become a full-fledged means of payment and more than 90% are used to withdraw cash, and not to pay for goods and services. On fig. 1 shows the share of trade transactions through plastic cards in Russia in 2013 for each federal district (in %).

■ Moscow and Moscow Region

■ SPb iLO

■ Northwestern

■ Ural

■ Siberian

■ Central

■ Privolzhsky Far East

Rice. 1. Share of trading operations (%)

Despite this, various plastic systems are being deployed and gaining momentum in Russia, and experts call the market for bank payment cards among the most promising areas for the development of banking services for the population.

There has been a trend towards the merger of small local payment systems with systems of a national scale, which is associated with the territorial expansion of services and the functionality of card products.

Therefore, a characteristic feature of the domestic plastic card market has become the struggle for customers, resulting in a trend to reduce the cost of cards and charge fees for using them.

The development of the Russian market of payment cards is one of the most important factors in solving the problems of reducing cash payments and developing cashless payments in the field of retail payments. To solve this problem, the Bank of Russia is working to create conditions for the further improvement of modern retail payment instruments that contribute to the development of the card industry in Russia. The development of the card industry ensures an increase in the transparency of financial transactions, an increase in tax revenues, significantly reduces the costs associated with servicing cash circulation, leads to an increase in the volume of funds attracted to the banking sector and, accordingly, the credit capabilities of banks, and also largely contributes to the active development of related areas of activity, such as industrial, social and employment.

The growth in the number of non-cash payments using cards is largely

is associated with an increase in the number of transactions for payment for housing and communal services, mobile communication services, Internet providers, cable TV, etc., made through ATMs and mobile phones.

The share of non-cash transactions with cards in the total volume of retail trade, public catering and paid services to the population increased by 1.2 times in 2013 compared to 2012 and amounted to 2.7%, which also indicates positive trends in the use of the card as cashless payment instrument.

In 2013, Russian banks continued to increase the volume of issued plastic cards, with an annual growth of about 20%. However, despite the huge potential of the card market and the wide geography, the culture of using such financial instruments in Russia has not yet reached the required level.

According to the CBR, more than 65% of banks issue and/or acquire payment cards (655 credit institutions out of 954), the number of bank cards issued by them (data as of April 1, 2013) amounted to 210 million, which is 28% more than in 2012 .

More than 80% of issued bank cards were issued by international payment systems VISA and MasterCard. Russian payment systems (Sberkart, Zolotaya Korona, STB Card, UnionCard) control from 6% to 12% of the market (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Number of transactions by types of cards in 2013 (%)

The focus of the Russian payment card market on the issuance and maintenance of cards of international payment systems is due to the following reasons. Firstly, a more developed infrastructure for accepting payment cards of international payment systems both in Russia and abroad. In Russia, cards of payment systems VISA Int. and MasterCard Int. almost all ATMs are accepted for service (the share in the total number is about 90%), cash points (almost 90%) and devices (electronic terminals, imprinters and ATMs) used to pay for goods (works and services) (almost 90% ).

Secondly, the development of domestic payment systems is hindered by the lack of compatible software and hardware; difference in transaction processing technology; lack of guarantees for the acceptance by member banks of cards issued within the framework of one system. Competition and technological peculiarities of functioning of the systems existing in Russia hinder their integration in the near future, which in general is a deterrent to the development of cashless payments in the field of retail payments.

In 2013, Russian banks continued to increase the volume of issued plastic cards, but the growth rate slowed down somewhat.

Thus, according to the RBC rating, the largest bank in terms of the number of active plastic cards in circulation as of July 1, 2013 is Sberbank. The clients of this largest bank in Russia have 58.2 million plastic cards in their hands. As of

On July 1, 2012, customers had almost 47.8 million cards, that is, an increase over the year amounted to 21.9%, or slightly less than 10.5 million cards. (table).

No. Bank Number of active cards issued (pieces) as of 07/01/2013 Number of active cards issued (pieces) as of 07/01/2012 Change (pieces)

1 Sberbank 58,262,731 47,792,488 10,470,243

2 VTB 24 12,019,072 10,338,679 1,680,393

3 Uralsib 5,360,071 6,385,571 -1,025,500

4 Rosbank 2,625,578 3,404,527 -778,949

5 SKB-bank 2,146,911 1,360,289 786,622

6 TransCreditBank 1,959,828 2,040,356 -80,528

7 Credit Europe Bank 1,738,474 1,516,545 221,929

8 Moskomprivatbank 1,623,413 1,434,813 188,600

9 Raiffeisenbank 1,504,314 1,245,761 258,553

10 Promsvyazbank 1,430,312 1,218,885 211,427

Sberbank is now actively distributing plastic cards, both settlement and credit, among its many customers. Among all components of the retail portfolio, the bank's credit card segment grew at the fastest pace: in 2013, the portfolio increased 1.7 times to RUB 270 billion. The number of cards issued during the year exceeded 12.1 million, which allowed Sberbank to strengthen its leadership position in this segment, increasing its share in the national market from 19.9% ​​to 23.5%. In August 2013, Sberbank introduced new premium cards under the Premier tariff plan: Visa Platinum PayWave and World MasterCard Black Edition PayPass. During the year, the number of working salary cards increased by 1.9 million - up to 21.1 million. The volume of wage transfers increased by 28% and amounted to almost 6.3 trillion rubles. The number of pensioners receiving a social pension through Sberbank increased to 21.8 million people. At the same time, the share of pensioners receiving pensions through Sberbank in the total number of social pensioners in the Russian Federation increased to 53.2%.

VTB 24 has 4 times fewer active plastic cards in circulation than Sberbank - more than 12 million. During the year, VTB 24 also increased the number of active plastic cards in circulation. In percentage terms, the growth was 16.3%.

In third place in terms of the number of active plastic cards in circulation is Uralsib - as of July 1, 2013, it had almost 5.4 million active plastic cards, which is less than it was in circulation a year ago, namely by 16%. .

In general, out of dozens of banks - leaders in the plastic card market, a decrease in the volume of cards in circulation is observed in three banks: Uralsib, Rosbank and TransCreditBank.

Operations of a commercial bank with credit cards should be considered from the standpoint of their conduct by the bank itself and from the standpoint of their implementation by the client. For banks, the issue of plastic cards is a profitable way of investing financial resources, and therefore, almost every bank issues its own cards or cards of international payment systems.

One of the achievements of Sberbank in the retail sector is the increase in the volume of the card business and other services provided on a commission basis. As a result, the number of transactions carried out has increased and the corresponding income has increased. The large-scale growth in the number of transactions was accompanied by an increase in the share of non-cash transactions.

The combination of these factors, which resulted from massive investment in service quality, resulted in a 28.3% increase in commission income from retail operations; at the same time, commission income from bank card transactions increased

by 56%. Thus, transactions with bank cards have become the main factor in the growth of Sberbank's commission income: over the past two years, receipts from them have more than doubled.

Currently, Sberbank issues cards of the international payment systems Visa, MasterCard, American Express. Types of Sberbank plastic cards include: debit, credit, social, virtual, co-branded.

Sberbank Maestro and Visa Electron are the most affordable cards for servicing. On them, the client can be credited with wages, make purchases with their help, and also withdraw cash.

A Visa Electron or Maestro plastic card has a number of significant limitations. Firstly, their acceptance is limited in some foreign countries (for example, in the USA or Ireland), but this only applies to terminals at retail outlets, ATMs must serve such cards everywhere. Secondly, such cards, as a rule, cannot be paid in an online store. You cannot link them to an account in an electronic payment system (PayPal, YandexMoney or WebMoney).

The Sberbank MaestroMomentum instant issuance card is issued right at the time of contacting the bank - it is enough to present a passport. There is no service fee for such a card, which is “compensated” by the inconvenience in use. Thus, this card is accepted for service only in Russia (entering a PIN code is required for each transaction), and cash is issued / accepted only at Sberbank branches and ATMs. Unlike other cards, the owner can only have one MaestroMomentum.

Classic cards such as VisaClassic or MasterCardStandart are optimal in terms of the combination of features and service cost. Compared to electronic ones, they can provide their owners with discounts when buying goods or paying for services.

A classic Sberbank debit card costs 750 rubles. per year, additional cards can be issued to the main card, their maintenance will cost 450 rubles. Classic category credit cards are offered at an attractive interest rate of 24%. Their maintenance will also cost the client 750 rubles annually.

For participants in payroll projects, Sberbank issues credit cards on special terms (the rates are lower, only a passport and a questionnaire are required from the documents) to individuals - employees of their "salary" clients, owners of Sberbank personal cards, as well as borrowers on mortgage, consumer and car loans.

Premium cards are Visa and MasterCard silver cards, VisaGold or MasterCardGold gold cards, platinum cards, including PlatinumAmericanExpress. The Sberbank Gold Card provides the owner with higher limits for withdrawing cash from ATMs or paying for purchases in stores, more favorable interest rates on a loan or overdraft. The platinum card, in addition, gives access to special offers and discounts that are introduced for cardholders by partners of the payment system. Gold cards also have affiliate programs with discounts and promotions, but there are fewer of them, and interesting offers are not often found.

Debit plastic cards of premium categories will cost customers 3,000 rubles. annually. Gold credit cards will also cost 3,000 rubles. The interest rate on the credit card will be 23%. The grace period for all cards is 50 days.

The platinum card is the most expensive in terms of annual service - 15,000 rubles. in the first year and 10,000 thereafter, but the interest rate on it can be up to 17%. Owners of deposits in the amount of 3 million rubles or more can count on preferential terms for the PlatinumAmericanExpress issue. The size of the credit limit is determined on an individual basis, but for ordinary cards it is lower than for Gold and Platinum cards.

Youth cards are issued both debit and credit. Youth debit cards are issued as part of the Respect from Sberbank program. These cards give the right to discounts from partners, as well as the opportunity to receive a scholarship or salary to the account

such a card. The annual maintenance of the youth card will cost the holder 150 rubles.

The transport card VisaElectron Transport or Maestro Transport combines the functions of a salary card and an unlimited travel ticket in the Moscow metro. The card is issued with an already activated transport application - its owner does not need to contact the cashier in the metro, while there are no restrictions on the number of trips and the time interval for re-passing. A citizen of the Russian Federation aged from

14 years, but it is issued on the terms of an agreement with the organization - the employer of this citizen.

Virtual debit cards VisaVirtual, MasterCardVirtual are issued without issuing a material carrier (i.e. the actual plastic card). Details of such cards are used only to pay for goods and services on the Internet; when a card is issued in the name of a client, the latter is informed of the 16-digit card number and its validity period, which are displayed in the client's Personal Account in Sberbank Online. In addition, an SMS with the CVV2 or CVC2 code (used when performing a virtual card transaction) is sent to the client's mobile phone.

It is important to note that, unlike other cards, to which mobile and Internet banking may not be linked, a virtual card is issued exclusively on the terms of linking to these services - and only for existing Sberbank customers. As for replenishing the account of such a card, it is carried out only non-cash (by transferring funds from the account of the main debit card through Sberbank Online or a Sberbank self-service device).

A Sberbank gift card is a kind of "cash gift" for up to

15 thousand rubles This is an unnamed debit card of instant issue, while Sberbank does not conclude an agreement on its issue and maintenance - a person who purchases this card to present to another person simply buys it as a product and replenishes it with the amount that he intends to present.

A plastic "gift" gives the recipient the right to receive goods or services for the amount indicated on the card, while the holder is identified by signature (on the card and in the passport, which must be presented when paying with this card). You can also pay with such a card on the Internet: on the back of it is a 3-digit CVV2 code, which the holder will need to conduct transactions on the Web.

Social cards are issued in two categories - student and social. Scholarships are accrued on the first, pensions and social benefits on the second. A Sberbank social category bank card can be issued to people aged 14 years and over (residents and non-residents) on the basis of an application or from 10 years old - provided that the child is closely related to the main cardholder or is under his care. A student card is issued from the age of 14 to students and students.

The social card is serviced free of charge, but if the client decides to issue an additional card to the account, each additional card will cost 150 rubles. annually. Maintenance of a student card costs 150 rubles. in year. Issue of additional cards to the client's card account is not provided.

Co-branded cards are issued as part of joint programs of Sberbank and its partners. Sberbank has 3 bonus programs: two co-branded ones (Visa Aeroflot and MasterCard MTS) and a charitable one (Visa Give Life). All three cards can be credit or debit, regular or gold.

Subscribers of a mobile operator and the largest air carrier in Russia - holders of MasterCard and Visa cards, respectively, can accumulate bonus points and miles as part of the MTS-Bonus and Aeroflot-Bonus partner programs, and Visa holders "Give Life" - participate in a charity program ( 50% of the fee for the first year of servicing the card and 0.3% of the amount of purchases made on it are credited by Sberbank to the Fund of the same name).

For each spent 1 dollar / euro or 30 rubles. 1 mile is credited (VisaClassic) or

1.5 miles (VisaGold) under the Aeroflot-Bonus program or 1 point - under the MTS-Bonus program. In addition, when opening an account, welcome points/miles are awarded.

Let's analyze the offer of bank cards of banks competing with Sberbank - Russian Standard and VTB-24.

In Russian Standard Bank, in addition to classic, "gold" and "platinum" cards, there are a number of offers with additional benefits for the owner. For example, the RSB World MasterCard Cash Back Card card provides for a refund to the account after each purchase made by the owner (up to 3% of their value).

The Blue American Express transparent plastic card is connected to a worldwide accident insurance program. In addition, if money was stolen from such a card, Russian Standard undertakes to pay compensation to its owner in the amount of 10,000 US dollars.

The annual fee for servicing credit cards in this bank is from 600 rubles. (classic version) up to 3000 rubles. (premium cards). Minimum monthly payment: 5-10% of the balance due, depending on the type of card. The grace period for all credit offers is 55 days. But the annual interest rate depends on the type of card and varies from 28% to 36% per annum.

Another feature of Russian Standard credit cards is that its owner automatically becomes a member of the Discount Club. The club has more than a thousand shops, beauty salons, restaurants and entertainment centers. Paying in these networks with a credit card from Russian Standard, you can get discounts on goods and services up to 30%.

The main conditions of VTB 24 credit cards include: the size of the credit limit (set based on the solvency of the applicant), interest rate (from 17%), grace period (from 50 days), minimum one-time payment (5% of the debt), card validity period (2 years), credit term is not limited.

VTB-24 offers similar plastic cards:

Visa Classical and multicurrency (a distinctive feature of this program is the ability to have three accounts in different currencies at the same time: in euros, dollars and rubles), debit and credit cards. The service fee is 750 rubles. in year. The limit amount per day is 300 thousand, but per month it should not exceed a million. The validity period of the VTB-24 debit card is 2 years. When withdrawing cash through other ATMs, the commission is 1%.

Salary card VTB-24.

Plastic cards Gold VTB-24.

Visa Platinum and Premium credit and debit cards. A distinctive feature of this loan program is the ability to return part of the money spent. It is possible to choose one of the most frequently used categories of services and goods (restaurants, gas stations, cosmetics, pharmacies), making purchases in this area, 5% of the amount paid will be returned back to the account.

Affiliate program for providing discounts for flights - co-branding card of VTB-24 and Transaero.

Bonus program "My conditions" MasterCard Standard. The main advantage is the ability to return to the card 5% of the purchase price provided for by the regulated list. When purchasing goods that are not included in the list, VTB-24 Bank will return an amount of 1% of the costs to the account.

Thus, leading banks offer similar card products. Each bank has affiliate programs for both debit and credit cards. Products are offered for the premium and classic segment.

It can be seen that the conditions for providing a credit card by one or another bank differ slightly from each other. Each of the three banks provides for individual

new approach to the client. The interest rate on the loan will depend on the type of credit card, the income of the borrower and the amount of the loan. The banks discussed above use two types of payment systems - Visa and Master Card. When using Visa and Master Card credit cards within the Russian Federation, there are no differences between them. These differences show up when going abroad. The fact is that currency conversion in the Visa system occurs through the US dollar, and in the MasterCard system - through the euro. Therefore, for people who frequently visit European countries, the MasterCard credit card will be the most suitable, and for all other countries, a Visa credit card. In all other cases, everyone can choose the system that he likes best.

Based on the analysis, we highlight the main problems for the plastic card market in general:

To date, a full-fledged state policy regarding the plastic card market has not been developed, which would provide for the regulation of the entire range of relations between market participants. So, in March 2014, after the United States imposed sanctions against Russia in connection with the annexation of Crimea to Russia, the international payment systems Visa and Master Card for the second time in history stopped servicing cards of several Russian banks at retail outlets and ATMs of the international network, the creation of a national system of payment cards in the country, independent of the state of international relations, has again become relevant. The preparation of amendments to the Federal Law “On the National Payment System” was started with the aim of infrastructurally and informationally closing the process of making money transfers within Russia, that is, operational centers and payment clearing centers must be located on the territory of Russia. The bill also provides for prohibiting the transfer (provision) of access to foreign states to information about domestic payment transactions.

By the end of March 2014, the society began to seriously discuss the creation of a national system of payment cards. On March 27, 2014, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin approved the creation of a national payment system in Russia and ordered that it be developed and implemented as soon as possible.

Insufficient investment in the development of regional networks.

Distrust of the population in the banking system and plastic cards in particular.

Low financial literacy of the population, caused by the lack of training in working with cards and expressed in misunderstanding, fear and subsequent unwillingness to use a bank card as a payment instrument.

Lack of financial incentives for the use of cards by both consumers and suppliers of goods and services.

It is these moments that are the reason that many customers do not want to issue credit cards. Consumers simply don't know that there are many benefits to be gained when using a card wisely.

"Plastic" business in Russia at the moment - one of the main directions of development of banking services. Cards are in demand as a financial service as a means of payment for corporate clients and individuals, as well as the most convenient way to get a loan.

The main problems in the development of the plastic card market are the lack of infrastructure and the low level of financial literacy of the population. In addition, a certain role in slowing down the development of the market is played by the low level of income of the population.

It is necessary to highlight some features of the development of the plastic card market in Russia:

1. Increase in the interest rate. Most banks have raised the interest for the use of loan funds.

2. Informing the client about the change in the interest rate. Not every bank, unfortunately

leniation, considers it necessary to inform each of its clients about changes in the interest rate. Not all banks send a notice to the cardholder by mail. Expecting to save money, some financial organizations have switched to SMS-informing about changes in card conditions. There are also less client-friendly ways of providing information - publication in the all-Russian press. This was done, in particular, in Home Credit and Finance Bank, placing an ad in the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper.

3. Introduction of an additional fee for the option of connecting a credit account or a period of interest-free lending (grace period). These additional charges apply to banks that issue debit/credit or overdraft cards.

4. Rise in the cost of withdrawing money from a credit card at an ATM. Of course, banks are trying to accustom customers to the idea that credit cards exist in order to pay with them in stores, and not just withdraw cash from them. But it often happens that it is at this time that the client - the cardholder - needs cash. Before the crisis, withdrawing money cost an average of 3-7% of the required amount (depending on the bank that issued the card) at your own ATM, and there is also a minimum amount for withdrawing cash, for example, 350 rubles. at the Bank of Moscow. Currently, cash withdrawal fees reach 10% (Alfa-Bank credit card). Previously, some credit institutions did not charge interest at all for cashing cards through their ATM. At the same time, many financial institutions do not personally notify customers of the increase in the cost of the service, limiting themselves to a message on their websites.

5. Cutting the credit limit. For most newly issued credit cards, the limits have been significantly reduced compared to the amounts that banks provided to customers before the crisis. As a result, employees of the same company with the same salary may have significantly different credit limits. So, for an employee who receives 60 thousand rubles a month, on cards issued earlier, the limit was 180 thousand rubles, and on the same cards issued today, only 81 thousand are provided to his colleague. a bank can cut the limit on a valid credit card if the borrower is not careful. However, by the end of 2014, the situation may develop in the opposite direction, that is, a return to large (pre-crisis) limits.

6. Dependence on international payment systems.

Thus, the above problems had a negative impact on the plastic card market in Russia, undermining the confidence of potential consumers and disappointing existing bank customers.

The elimination of problematic moments in the use of cards should help strengthen the reputation of banks and restore consumer confidence in modern banking services, and, consequently, expand the number of card users.

In conclusion, I would like to note that plastic cards will not become a line in the reports of payment systems, but a real means of payment only if the holders start them consciously. This will happen when they are not imposed on clients as part of salary projects.

Thus, after analyzing all the problems associated with the circulation of plastic cards in Russia, we can propose the following mechanism for solving them:

Development of a regulatory framework that fixes the specifics of the circulation of plastic cards.

Information and educational work among the population.

Protection of information resources from unauthorized access.

Implementation and development of customer incentive programs.

Expansion and continuous improvement of the range of products and services offered to customers by increasing co-branding cards, for example, offering bonus programs together with Russian Railways.

Expanding the functionality of our own payment terminals - providing

the ability to replenish the card through the terminals of other banks. This is very convenient, since you do not need to spend time traveling to the office or searching for a cash-in terminal / ATM of a particular bank.

Introduction of a universal electronic card. With the help of the card, you can pay taxes and fines, receive a passport and other documents. Also, the card can be used instead of a ticket for travel in public transport, etc.

Implementation of innovative terminals with signature capture and recognition technology. This will speed up the card payment process, providing customers with a high level of service.

Thanks to such innovations, the advantages of non-cash payment technologies in Russian banks will manifest themselves and new opportunities will open up for conquering the plastic card market for steadily growing participants. Further development of events depends on the general macroeconomic situation in the country, the actions of the state and bank management to develop the promising segment of card lending.

Bibliographic list

2. Official Website of Sberbank (OJSC) [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://sberbank.ru/.

3. Official site of the Bank "Russian Standard" [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rsb.ru/.

4. Official website of VTB Bank 24 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.vtb24.ru/.

6. Data on payments on Russian cards will be banned from being transferred abroad [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://top.rbc.ru/economics/21/03/2014/912777.shtml.

Omsk branch of the University of Finance under the Government of the Russian Federation ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET OF BANKING OPERATIONS WITH PLASTIC CARDS IN RUSSIA

Plastic cards are a relatively new banking product, but it could take its place among banking services. Work with plastic cards is one of the most promising for banks at present. In the article the analysis of the provision and use maps, discussed their views and the advantages and disadvantages. The author formulates the problem of development of the market of Bank cards and concluded that for the activation of development of the market of banking cards in Russia requires constant and systematic work with the population and commercial enterprises to change the stereotypical approach to the calculation in the trade network, which should be implemented in close cooperation with credit organizations with bodies of state power and administration.

Key words: credit cards, banks, non-cash payments, international payment system.

1. Official website of RBC. rating. Mode of access: http://rating. rbc.ru.

2. Official Site of Sberbank. Mode of access: http://sberbank.ru/.

3. Official site of Russian Standard Bank. Mode of access: http://www.rsb.ru/.

4. Official website of Bank VTB 24. Mode of access: http://www.vtb24.ru/.

5. Official site of the rating Agency "Expert RA". Mode of access: http://www.raexpert.ru.

6. Data on payments for Russian cards from being transmitted abroad. Mode of access: http://top.rbc.ru/economics/21/03/2014/912777.shtml.

Reviewers:

N.P. Rebrova, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Omsk branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation;

N.V. Puzina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Siberian Institute of Business and Information Technologies.

1

The article conducted a study of the Russian market of payment cards. The current state of the Russian market of payment cards is analyzed using a comparative method and a graphical method. The regulatory and legal framework of the Russian payment card market is analyzed. A study of the main types of bank cards has been carried out, the main characteristics and distinctive features have been identified. Identified trends in the issue of bank cards of a certain nature, which reflects the Russian reality in the market of payment cards. The analysis of the market of payment systems for the issue of cards in the Russian Federation was carried out. Based on the analysis, conclusions were drawn about the predominant presence on the market of the international payment systems Visa and MasterCard. The analysis of the number and structure of payment cards issued by credit institutions was carried out. The dynamics of the volume of transactions performed by individuals in Russia and abroad using payment cards issued by credit institutions is analyzed. The result of the study is to identify the problems of the Russian market of payment cards and promising areas of its development.

payment card

bank card

credit card

debit card

payment card market

national payment system

international payment system

national payment card system

issuing bank

acquiring

banking infrastructure

processing center

settlement clearing center

1. Borisova E.V. Prospects for Sustainable Development of the Economy // Applied Research and Technology ART2015 Proceedings of the Second International Conference. - 2015. - S. 232-234.

2. Varlamova T.P. Russian market of plastic cards: legal regulation and development problems // Information security of regions. - 2015. - No. 3 (20). – P. 61–71.

3. Duzdibaeva A. S., Modern bank cards // Questions of Economics and Management. - 2016. - No. 4. - P. 43–46.

4. Ivleva G.I., Tishina V.N. Analysis of the market of bank cards in Russia // Young scientist. - 2013. - No. 12. - P. 309–311.

5. Ilyin S.Yu., Emelyanov S.V., Nikulchev E.V. Principles of management in modern conditions of management // Economics and Entrepreneurship. - 2014. - No. 6 (47). - S. 507-509.

6. Kataeva T.M., Vashkelis M.S. Overview of the main problems and trends in the development of the bank card market in Russia at the present stage. Bulletin of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics. - 2014. - No. 1 (19). – P. 9–11.

7. Podlevsky A.P., Zhigalov K.Yu. Methods for assessing and ensuring information security in corporate networks // "Educational environment today and tomorrow" Collection of scientific papers of the IX International scientific and practical conference, edited by G.G. Bubnova, E.V. Pluzhnik, V.I. Soldatkin. - 2014. - S. 322-325.

8. Podlevsky A.P., Kotlyachkov O.V., Frolov A.L. Assessment of the feasibility of modernizing the hardware and software base of industrial enterprises. Teaching aid. – M.: MTI, 2015. – P. 37.

9. Suetin S.N. Projects and project management in the modern economy / S.N. Suetin, S.A. Titov // Economics and Entrepreneurship. - 2014. - No. 5 (part 1). – S. 496–499.

10. Titov S.A. Problems and directions of development of the theory and practice of managing high-tech projects. Non-state educational institution of higher education Moscow Institute of Technology. - M., 2015. - S. 405.

The payment card market is a market for the issuance and acquiring of payment cards, including processing services and services related to the issuance and acquiring of payment cards. The payment card market is one of the fastest growing markets. It is in the field of banking operations and services related to payment cards that there is a constant development of technologies aimed at both ensuring uninterrupted functioning and ensuring the safe use of bank cards. The consequence of this is a steady development in the technological field and in the service sector. Already now it is possible to trace how in recent years in the field of servicing bank cards technologies for transferring funds from one bank card to another, contactless payment technologies, technologies that ensure the completion of a payment transaction without using the bank card itself have been developed. Mobile software for working with bank cards has received strong development. Large banks strive to use all the latest technologies in their activities, causing the need for other issuing banks to keep up with development, which ultimately has a positive effect on the population, as the main holder of bank cards.

The main legal document regulating the Russian market of payment cards is the regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2004 No. 266-P "On the issue of payment cards and on operations performed with their use." In accordance with the regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Russian payment card market is characterized by the issuance of such types of bank cards as settlement (debit) cards, credit cards and prepaid cards. The classification of the main types of bank cards is shown in fig. 1.

In general, the variety of types of bank cards is quite wide. Nevertheless, the main types of bank cards that are commonly used in terminology are credit and debit cards. However, there are a number of distinctive features characteristic of each type of bank cards. In table. 1 shows a general description of the main types of bank cards.

Table 1

General characteristics of the main types of bank cards

Bank card type	Characteristics and features
Debit card	Transactions are made within the balance of funds on the cardholder's account. The use of such cards simplifies the process of issuing them and provides a lower cost of service, since the credit institution does not need to carefully check the identity of the cardholder and his credit history
Card with permitted overdraft	Card transactions can be made both at the expense of funds located on the cardholder's current account, and at the expense of bank credit funds within the established limit. An overdraft can be provided by a credit institution both for a small amount of cash for a short period, and for a large amount of cash for a long period
Credit card	Operations are performed at the expense of funds provided by the credit institution in accordance with the terms of the concluded loan agreement. This type of plastic cards is most interesting for the issuing bank, as there is an opportunity to receive additional income in connection with servicing the card.
Prepaid card	Card transactions are performed by a credit institution by a bank card issuer on behalf of this institution. Used to pay for goods and services within the prepaid amount of money. One type of prepaid card is a gift card. This segment of the market is currently growing.
Virtual card	Operations on such a card are made exclusively through the Internet. A virtual card is a prepaid card without a material carrier and is an electronic means of payment
Map of local payment systems	One of the least common types of bank cards, transactions on which can be carried out exclusively using the technical means of the issuing bank. This type of card is used in some countries as a temporary card while waiting for the issuance and receipt of the main bank card
Card of international payment systems	Transactions can be made in any international payment systems. These cards can be either debit or credit.

Rice. 1. Classification of the main types of bank cards

Bibliographic link

Frolov A.L. RUSSIAN PAYMENT CARDS MARKET: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS // Fundamental Research. - 2016. - No. 12-2. – P. 464-469;
URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=41117 (date of access: 01/04/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

International Association of Construction Universities (DIA)

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution

higher professional education

"Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering"

All-Russian Competition of research projects carried out by schoolchildren and students with scientific advice to scientists

Sectionmathematics

Nomination8-9 grades

Project theme:

Done by 9th grade student

School №25, Rossosh

Burlutskaya Yulia Vladimirovna

Head teacher of mathematics school

No. 25, Rossosh

Kopaliani Lyudmila Nikolaevna

Scientific consultantPhD,Associate Professor of the Department

higher mathematics

Voronezh GASU

Glazkova Maria Yurievna

2015

Keywords : plastic card, settlements, cardholder, financial structure, discount, promotion, bank plastic card market, banking services, creditworthy client, debit card, credit card, bonuses, rating of banks, payment systems, cash, buyer, ATM,emission, acquiring.

ANNOTATION

scientific work submitted to the All-Russian Competition of research projects carried out by schoolchildren and students with scientific advice to scientists

International Association of Construction Universities

1.Name:Market research of banking plastic cards in Russia

2. Scope of work: 34 s.

3.Number of applications:3 s.

4.Number of illustrations:3 units

5.Number of tables:4 units

6. Number of sources and literature:16 units

Job Feature:

1.Purpose of work: Analysis of the current state of the plastic card market in Russia and assessment of the potential of plastic cards for the development of a cashless settlement system in Russia.

2. Research methods:

2. When performing research work, various sources of information were studied: educational literature, materials of the Russian press on the problem under study, periodicals: the magazines "World of Cards" and "PLUS", as well as data from official Internet resources.

3.Main results of the study (scientific, practical):

An analysis of the Russian bank card market showed that currently more than 60% of Russian banks issue and (or) acquire payment cards.Currently, more than 70% of the Russian payment card market (in terms of the number and volume of transactions, customer base, etc.) is occupied by cards of international payment systems such as Visa Int., MasterCard, the rest of the market is Russian payment systems, including NPS , "Gold Crown",STBcard, AccordAndNCC/ UC. Summing up, we can conclude that the positive trends emerging in the plastic card market, despite the existing problems, allow us to build optimistic forecasts for the near future, both in terms of quantitative indicators and qualitative characteristics. Further preservation of the active marketing policy of credit institutions and payment systems, expansion of the functionality of banking products using plastic cards will increase the popularity of this payment instrument among the population, and therefore, the intensity of its use in everyday life. All this will increase the volume of non-cash payments using cards and reduce the existing disproportions in the volume of cash and non-cash turnover in the field of retail payments in the Russian Federation.

Surname, name, patronymic in full __________________________________

INTELLIGENCE

about the author, supervisor and scientific consultant of the scientific work submitted to the All-Russian Competition of research projects carried out by schoolchildren and students with scientific advice from scientists of the International Association of Civil Engineering Universities

SurnameBurlutskaya

NameJulia

SurnameVladimirovna

School, classMKOU secondary school No. 25 with UIOP of the city of Rossosh, Voronezh region, 9 "A" class

Telephone920-447-03-90

E-mail addressBurlutzkaya . iul @ yandex . en

SUPERVISOR

SurnameKopaliani

NameLudmila

SurnameNikolaevna

Place of workMKOU secondary school No. 25 with UIOP of the city of Rossosh, Voronezh region

Job titlemathematic teacher

Academic degree___________________________________________

Academic title____________________________________________

Working phone3-09-09

E-mail addressramaz - kopaliani @ yandex . ry

SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANT

SurnameGlazkov

NameMaria

SurnameYuryevna

Place of workVoronezh GASU

Position Associate Professor of the Department of Higher Mathematics

Academic degree____________________________________________

Academic title _____________________________________________

Work phone __________________________________________

E-mail addressglazkovam @ yandex . en

Location

(city)

Organizer

Events

(university)

Conference

Topic

Awards

Scientific consultant_____________________________ / Glazkova M.Yu. /

Head _________________________/Kopaliani L.N./

Table of contents

Introduction 8-9

Main part 10-28

I. Theoretical part. 10-21

1. History of plastic cards. 10-11

2. Concept, types of plastic cards. 11-16

3. 16-19

4. Advantages and disadvantages of using plastic cards for participants 19-21

payment systems.

II. Practical part. 21-28

21-24

2. Market research of banking plastic cards in Rossosh 24-28

Voronezh region.

Conclusion 29-30

References 31

Applications 32-34

Introduction

In the context of the development of world economic relations, there is a global penetration of payment systems into the systems of the national economy, in particular, in the direction of the development of non-cash forms of payment, which are widely used in the modern world. One of the instruments of non-cash payments is a plastic card. In most economically developed countries, a plastic card is an integral attribute of the sphere of trade and services. Carrying out transactions with the help of payment cards shows the degree of integration of the banking system and society. Suffice it to say that non-cash payment for goods and services in industrialized countries reaches 90% in the structure of all monetary transactions, increasingly displacing cash payments.

The use of plastic cards entails the simplification of settlements and the protection of cardholders' funds from illegal encroachments, in addition, payments using cash are extremely expensive for state and commercial financial institutions. The issuance of new banknotes, the exchange of old ones, the maintenance of staff, the inconvenience and loss of time for ordinary customers - all this is a heavy burden on the country's economy. Interest in cards is due to certain factors: ease of use, automatic provision of banking services, including a loan, regular receipt of information about transactions performed on the corresponding account, discounts when paying for goods. This explainsrelevance research work.

object researchis the market of plastic cards in Russia.

Subject of study : plastic card as a modern tool for providing banking services.

Purpose of the study:

Analysis of the current state of the plastic card market in Russia and assessment of the potential of plastic cards for the development of a cashless payment system in Russia.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the followingtasks:

Determine the essence, concept and features of the functioning of plastic cards as a modern banking instrument;

Research the payment systems operating in Russia and determine the advantages and disadvantages of using plastic cards for all participants in the card payment system;

Conduct an analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of the development of the plastic card market in Russia;

Give a description of plastic cards, their classification;

Analyze the legal basis for the operation of plastic card settlement systems in the Russian Federation;

Consider the problems of using plastic cards in credit institutions;

To identify the main trends and prospects for the development of the bank plastic cards market in Russia.

Create a model for calculating bank plastic cards using the example of Sberbank of Russia.

Research methods:

1. Collection and analysis of primary information on the market (data from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation).

2. When performing research work, various sources of information were used: educational literature, materials of the Russian press on the problem under study, periodicals: magazines "World of Cards" and "PLUS", as well as data from official Internet resources.

The choice of the topic of the research work was determined not only by its relevance, but also by personal interest in the problem under study.

Main part.

I . Theoretical part.

1. History of plastic cards.

A bank plastic card is a universal payment instrument, which is an access key to managing a bank account and allows its owner to pay for goods and services in various trade and service enterprises that accept cards, receive cash, and also enjoy other additional services and certain benefits. Having appeared in the middle of the last century, bank cards have become widespread in more than 200 countries of the world and have become an integral attribute of a civilized person. Today, bank cards are a key element of electronic banking systems, increasingly replacing the usual checkbooks and cash.

The history of the emergence of plastic cards begins with the idea of ​​Edward Bellamy in the book "A Look into the Past", published in 1888, and the first attempts at the practical introduction of cardboard credit cards were made in the United States by retailers and oil companies back in the twenties, on the basis of a highly developed consumer credit of individuals. They were intended to confirm the creditworthiness of the owner outside his bank. They gave the store the opportunity to attract the richest and most regular customers to themselves on a permanent basis. The first cards were made in the USA in 1920-1930. on paper and were intended to confirm the creditworthiness of the owner outside his bank.

At the dawn of the formation of the card market in the country, in the summer of 1994, the first card experts estimated the total volume of the plastic card market in Russia and the CIS countries at 3.5 million cardholders, of which 20 thousand were classified as corporate (legal entities). In light of the latest amendments to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regarding the exclusion from taxable income of material benefits received by the taxpayer in connection with credit card transactions during the interest-free period established in the card issuance agreement, one should expect a significant development of the credit card market, primarily the turn of the transition from the issuance of express loans to the distribution of full-featured revolving credit cards. Non-cash payment turnover in Russia is more than 60%. The reasons for this are: reduction of distribution costs; acceleration of money turnover; convenience of cashless payments.

At the moment, the following world payment systems are most famous:

Visa;

Mastercard;

American Express;

Dining Club.

2. Concept, types of plastic cards.

A plastic card- a general term that denotes all types of cards that differ in purpose, in the set of services provided with their help, in their technical capabilities and organizations issuing them. The most important feature of all plastic cards, regardless of their degree of perfection, is that they store a certain set of information used in various application programs. The card can serve as a pass to the building, a means of access to a computer, payment for telephone conversations, a driver's license, etc.

A special type of plastic cards are bank cards, which are a personalized payment instrument that provides its holders with the opportunity to pay for goods and / or services non-cash, as well as receive cash in branches (branches) of banks and ATMs (ATMs).

As a standard product of payment systems, a bank card is designed to perform a rather limited range of operations: making purchases and receiving cash. The bank that issued the card can also give it, as its private product, a number of specific properties. When transferring funds from one holder's account to another or obtaining information on other accounts, a bank card is used as a means of identifying a client. As technologies for the use of plastic cards develop, they will provide the holder with an ever wider range of opportunities not only to manage his funds, but also provide opportunities for comprehensive banking services.

Therefore, before issuing a card to a client, the "personalization" of the cards is carried out. On the front side of the payment cards, the logo of the financial institution, the trademarks of the payment system, the card number, the name of the holder, the validity period of the card are applied. In addition, there are usually security elements on the card: a hologram with the symbol of the payment system, special elements visible only in ultraviolet rays, and so on. If the card contains a chip, then a microchip is placed on its front side. Magnetic stripe cards are by far the most common. On the reverse side of the cards there is a magnetic stripe, a signature panel and the text of the bank applied by printing. In some payment systems, it is allowed to place a photo of the holder in a certain field (more often - on the back of the card).

Types of plastic cards.

There are many features by which plastic cards can be classified.

1. According to the material from which they are made:

paper (cardboard);

plastic;

metal.

At present, plastic cards have become almost universal. However, paper (cardboard) cards sealed in a transparent film are often used to identify the cardholder. These are laminated cards. Lamination is a fairly cheap and easily accessible procedure, but if the card is used for payments, then in order to increase security against counterfeiting, a more advanced and complex technology for making plastic cards is used. At the same time, unlike metal, plastic can be easily heat treated and pressured (embossed), which is very important for personalizing a card before issuing it to a client.

By appointment:

identification;

informational;

for financial transactions.

This division is not mutually exclusive. For example, a large company may issue a card to each of its employees that:

is a pass allowing access to certain areas - an identification function;

on the same card, some important information about the cardholder can be recorded in coded form - an information function;

in addition, such a card can also be used for settlements in canteens and shops of this company - a settlement function.

Systems using multifunctional cards are already implemented by many banks and it is obvious that the combination of many functions in one plastic card is promising, since such a card is convenient for both the issuer and the holder.

3. Based on scope:

bilateral systems -arose on the basis of bilateral agreements between participants, under which cards can be used to purchase goods in closed networks controlled by one issuer (department stores, gas stations, etc.);

multilateral (universal) systems -provide cardholders with the opportunity to purchase goods from various merchants and service organizations that recognize these cards as a means of payment.

4. Bythe type of calculations carried out (according to 266 - P):

the credit card is intended for its holder to perform operations, settlements for which are carried out at the expense of funds provided by the credit institution - issuer to the client within the established limit in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement;

a settlement (debit) card is intended for transactions by its holder within the amount of funds (expenditure limit) established by the credit institution - issuer, settlements on which are carried out at the expense of the client's funds in his bank account, or a loan provided by the credit institution - issuer to the client in accordance with the bank account agreement in case of insufficiency or absence of funds in the bank account (overdraft);

the prepaid card is intended for its holder to perform transactions, settlements for which are carried out by the credit institution - issuer on its own behalf, and certifies the right of the holder of the prepaid card to claim the credit institution - issuer for payment for goods (works, services, results of intellectual activity) or the issuance of cash .

5 . By category of clientele the issuer is targeting:

ordinary cards;

premium cards.

Ordinary cards are intended for an ordinary client. This, For example, Visa Classic,Visa Electron,Eurocard/MasterCard Mass (Standard), Cirrus Maestro .

The premium class includes cards of the Gold/Platinum series - prestigious cards that emphasize the solidity of its owner. They are used as an element of the image and are a guarantee of increased attention during maintenance.

MasterCard World and MasterCard World Signia are cards of an exclusive level, circulations of their issue are strictly limited, credit cards, and in some cases the bank does not limit the possibility of using a loan to any fixed amount.

Visa Signature, Visa Infinite - cardsfor especially wealthy clients, the distinctive features are their increased limit on various groups of card transactions, exclusive services in the field of recreation, in some cases - the credit limit is unlimited.

6. Ownership type:

individual card,issued to individual bank customers;

"additional" (family) card,issued to one card account;

corporateissued to a legal entity, on the basis of this card, individual cards can be issued to selected persons (managers, chief accountant or other employees). They open personal sub-accounts "tied" to a corporate card account. Responsibility to the bank for a corporate account belongs to the organization, and not to individual holders of corporate cards.

7 . By area:

international, operating in several countries;

national, operating within a state;

local, used in part of the territory of the state;

cards operating in one specific institution (holding, network of this holding).

8. By type of storage medium cards:

graphic record;

embossing;

bar coding;

magnetic stripe encoding;

chip;

optical cards.

Bank cards are divided into: credit, debit and intra-bank special. Credit and debit cards allow non-cash payments through electronic payment terminals.

Credit cards allow the customer to obtain a limited credit from the bank in case of payment for goods or services with the card, the cost of which exceeds the balance on his bank account. And debit cards enable the client to receive cash at ATMs and pay for their purchases only within the balance on his special card account.

Intra-bank special cards are not international. The main purpose of their issue is to receive cash in other cities where there is no bank branch network through a partner bank.

The earliest and simplest form of recording information on a card was and remainsgraphic image.It is still used in all cards, including the most technologically sophisticated ones. Initially, only the surname, first name of the card holder and information about its issuer were applied to the card. Later, a sample signature was provided on universal bank cards, and the surname and name began to be embossed (mechanically squeezed out).

Embossing -extrusion of data on the card in the form of embossed characters. Embossing is necessary for visual identification of personal data about the holder by a cashier or teller, and to ensure the transfer of personal data from a card to a slip using mechanical devices - imprinters.

Barcoding -recording information on the card using barcoding (as on goods): such a card has not received distribution in payment systems

Magnetic cardsthey usually have a magnetic strip on the reverse side, where all the necessary information about the holder and his bank is recorded.

Magnetic cards cannot be considered an ideal means of payment, as they have many disadvantages:

poor performance (information on magnetic media can be easily destroyed);

there is no possibility of reliable updating of information, which does not allow storing information on the state of the client's account on the card;

the need to service the card in the modeon- line, which increases the operating costs of such a system. This means that for each transaction it is necessary to contact the authorization center to confirm the authenticity of the card and the availability of funds on the corresponding card account, which is expensive and not reliable enough, especially in Russia;

weak protection against fraud (these cards are easy to forge by producing fakes, or by copying information from them).

The magnetic strip does not provide the necessary level of information protection against fraud and forgery. And experts began to look for a more reliable way to record information. It turned out to be a chip (from the English chip - an integrated circuit) or a microcircuit.

Chip cards are often calledsmart cards, however, this is not always true. Name "smart card" (smart- intellectual, or reasonable) is associated with the ability of the latter to perform very complex information processing operations. These are the so-called microprocessor cards. The main advantages of this type of cards are increased reliability, security and versatility. A significant disadvantage is its high cost, which is determined by the cost of the microcircuit, which directly depends on the size of its memory and the circulation of the issue.

Plastic cards with microchips have a high degree of protection against fraud and counterfeiting.

Despite the obvious advantages, smart cards have long been of limited use due to the fact that such a card is an order of magnitude more expensive than a magnetic stripe card. Only in recent years, when the damage from fraud with magnetic cards in international payment systems has become frighteningly high and continues to grow, the decision was made by banks to gradually switch to smart cards.

So, today the market of plastic cards is represented by the following types of cards: credit and debit; individual and corporate; plastic cards with a magnetic stripe or with an integrated microchip; plastic cards based on different storage mechanisms, ordinary plastic cards, silver and gold.

3. Organization of the work of the payment card system.

By itself, a bank plastic card is only a tool for non-cash payments in a particular payment system. The essence of the card business is to organize a well-functioning system of non-cash card payments.

As a rule, the use of plastic cards provides for the presence of at least three main participants:

1) the card issuer;

2) plastic card holder;

3) service points.

Issuing companies– companies (banks) that issue plastic cards and make them available to customers. At the same time, the cards remain the property of the bank, and customers receive the right to use them. The issuance of a card to a client is preceded by the opening of an account with the issuing bank and, as a rule, by the client depositing some funds into this account. By issuing a card, the issuing bank assumes thereby guarantee obligations to ensure card payments. The nature of these guarantees depends on the payment authority granted to the client and fixed by the class of the card.

Plastic card holder- this is the person to whom the card is transferred on the basis of a signed agreement with the issuer. The user is not always the person who entered into the contract (for example, in the case of corporate or family cards). Bank card holders in Russia can be individuals and legal entities, both residents and non-residents, in accordance with Regulation No. 266-P. The cardholder can use it to pay for goods and services offered by other participants in the payment system, as well as to receive cash.

3. Service points- legal entities and individuals (entrepreneurs) selling goods, works, services and being participants in the payment system.

Cardholders carry out their transactions for the purchase of goods, payment for services at service points, as well as withdraw cash, replenish a card account or any other operation that a payment card system can offer to them today throughPOS-terminals, ATMs or imprinter:

To pay for goods or services with a card, it is necessary that the enterprise (merchant) service the cards of the payment system (the logos of the serviced payment systems can be found on the doors or cash desk of the merchant, see Appendix B).

The payment transaction can be completed only after authorization is obtained - obtaining permission to conduct the transaction (in some cases, the Merchant does not request authorization - such transactions are usually made for small amounts, the amount of which is specified in the agreement between the Merchant and the acquirer). Authorization is most often done either usingPOS-terminal, or when using an imprinter. Most merchants are equippedPOS-terminals for quick acceptance and ease of servicing cards.

For an operation onPOS- at the terminal, the cashier "swipes" the card through the reader and collects the amount of the transaction. Upon receipt of a response from the acquiring bank,POS- the terminal prints out a check, it must be signed, checking the amount of the purchase. The capabilities and equipment of POS terminals vary widely, however, many modern terminals are equipped with readers, both smart cards and magnetic stripe cards, non-volatile memory, ports for connecting a PIN keyboard (for entering a PIN code), a printer, connection with a computer or with an electronic cash register.

In case of installation in TSPPOS-terminals, authorization occurs automatically, which speeds up the transfer of funds to the seller's account from the buyer's account, since this operation can be performed automatically at the time of purchase. There is a reduction in paper workflow. The guarantee of payment is increased and reliable protection against unauthorized access to the client's account is provided.

In recent years, companiesVisaAndmastercardactively introduce contactless plastic cards (Visa payWaveAndmaster card paypass). Contactless payment technologies are also gaining a strong foothold in Russia: the Moscow Metro (one of the largest public transport systems in the world, transporting an average of about 9 million passengers daily) has become the only transport system in the world with 100% collection of fares using contactless cards; and the arrival of foreign retail chains in Russia will further promote the use of contactless technologies (for example, the French retail chain Auchan).

Not surprisingly, contactless cards have become one of the fastest growing innovative payment technologies in history. Contactless technologies allow consumers to securely transfer payment information from contactless cards and mobile devices to POS-terminal. Contactless payments make transactions quicker and more convenient, as well as simplifying the process of paying with a card in places where card payments have not traditionally been popular - for example, in fast food restaurants, small shops, in parking lots and on public transport.

The buyer simply brings his card (or mobile device) to a contactless POS-terminal (see Appendix D). At the same time, a contactless reader can be either a built-in or an external device connected to the terminal.

The reader activates the card and reads payment information from it in a secure way. The terminal then carries out the transaction in the same way as in a standard transaction with a chip card or with a magnetic stripe card. When carrying out a transaction for an amount less than the established limit, the client's signature on the check, the use of a PIN code, online authorization and printing of a check are not required, which significantly speeds up the payment process.

ATM- a multifunctional self-service device designed to serve customers in the absence of bank personnel, the main function of which is the issuance of cash. A modern ATM can perform almost all the operations that a bank teller performs: report the balance of funds on the cardholder's account, issue or accept cash, transfer the amount specified by the holder to another account, report on the movement of funds on the account for a certain period of time, make periodic payments , provide information and reference services.

Thus, the card business consists of two closely interconnected and interdependent parts: customers - cardholders and a commercial network in which these cards are accepted as a means of payment.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of using plastic cards for the participants of the settlement system.

The rapid spread of bank cards, their transformation into a mass payment instrument, and the steady growth of their popularity among broad groups of the population are evidence that this form of payment is beneficial to the main categories of participants in the system.

1. The main attractive features of cards for their holders are as follows.

Ease of use - the cardholder does not need to carry large sums of money with him when visiting shops and service enterprises, which reduces the risk of losing or stealing cash, and at any time he can make a large purchase, which is not known in advance where it can happen. The financial attraction may be to earn interest on the account balance and perhaps receive discounts on purchases.

If the card is credit, then its second advantage is the possibility of obtaining a loan. In the card settlement system, the credit is provided to the buyer automatically, without a special application to the bank. At the time of purchase, a credit line is used - the bank's agreement to provide loans to the borrower within a predetermined limit, and this limit is restored as the debt is repaid. The buyer uses the loan without charging interest for a period of 20 to 60 weeks (according to the characteristics of a particular bank). Another advantage of card payments is that the user receives information from the bank in the form of an account statement, which allows you to check each transaction and make claims in case of incorrect execution of transactions. Control over the state of the account and planning your budget become stricter.

There are other advantages: benefits when purchasing goods, recovering lost or stolen cards, benefits when booking hotels, when ordering air tickets, etc.

The disadvantages for the client include the following:

you have to pay for the convenience that the use of cards gives, the payment is the annual service fee, as well as other possible commissions;

cards are not accepted in all stores (other trade and service organizations), as a rule, small retail chains in Russia are not accepted.

2. For representatives of the trade sector, card payments have the following advantages:

expanding sales and attracting new customers;

no need to worry about money conversion and collection of proceeds;

the possibility of granting a loan without using own funds and maintaining special accounting systems;

reducing the risk of receiving counterfeit banknotes;

a person with a card is more likely to make a purchase than a cash owner;

the safety of work is increased (since checks (slips) with the signatures of customers that remain in the store and mean the receipt of money on his account are of no interest to robbers);

the prestige, the rating of the store increases.

However, the store will have to go on some additional costs:

the initial costs for the purchase or rental of the relevant equipment are needed and the subsequent current costs for maintaining it in working order and maintenance;

a certain complexity can be presented by the process of authorization of cards, in general, relations with the processing center servicing the cards of a given issuer.

3. The initiators of the introduction of credit and other types of cards are banks, hoping to receive the following benefits:

increase in the volume of consumer loans;

increase in attracted resources (money in accounts, insurance deposits);

expanding its scope of activities to remote areas;

organization of faster and more convenient payments for customers;

reducing the amount of cash used in settlements and, consequently, reducing the cost of transactions;

unloading the central office of the bank from the influx of customers;

commissions that the bank takes for all card transactions. In addition, the client pays for receiving the card, for its annual service; the competitive potential of the bank is increasing, taking into account the global trend of ousting cash from the payment turnover.

II. Practical part.

1. Analysis of the dynamics of the development of the plastic card market in Russia.

And if the issue of bank cards immediately gained popularity among the population, then people, due to the Russian mentality, are still distrustful of the use of cards as a means of payment. The task of the bank in this case is to eliminate prejudices among the population. For this, more and more new projects are being created using bank cards. By itself, a piece of plastic, not endowed with the ability to function in the payment system, is of no interest. The main interest is the use of plastic cards as a means of payment.

It should be noted that in Russia bank cards have been used for a number of years, and every year the amount of payments using bank cards is increasing. However, their legal regulation is not enough. Operations using bank cards directly affect the interests of citizens - consumers of financial services, and therefore they must be regulated at the level of federal law. This law should be aimed at protecting the interests of the weak party - the bank card holder. This, in turn, should increase public confidence in this payment instrument and contribute to an increase in the share of non-cash payments, which is beneficial to all participants in legal relations: the state, credit organizations and citizens.Next, we analyzeindicators characterizing transactions using bank cards by individuals in Russia in 2014

(Annex 1)

As the table data show,the number of bank cards issued to individuals in Russia as a whole increased by 115,911 thousand by the end. units.

Currently, more than 70% of the Russian payment card market (in terms of the number and volume of transactions, customer base, etc.) is occupied by cards of international payment systems such as Visa, MasterCard, the rest of the market is occupied by Russian payment systems, including NPS, Golden Crown ",STBcard, AccordAndNCC/ UC. In Russia, cards of VISA and MasterCard payment systems are accepted for service by the vast majority of ATMs (the share in the total number is about 90%), cash points (almost 90%) and devices (electronic terminals, imprinters and ATMs) used to pay for goods ( works and services) (almost 90%).It is customary to refer the following systems to international payment systems based on plastic cards: VISA; Europay/MasterCard; Dinner Club; american express. In addition to international payment systems, all-Russian payment systems operate in Russia: STB, Union Card, Zolotaya Korona.

(Annex 2)

The ratio of the volume of transactions performed using bank cards in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2014

Despite the difficulties in the economy, the number of issued new bank cards continues to grow.

Bank ratingby the number of plastic cards in circulation in 2014, pcs.

(Annex 3)

So, only one leader of the rating - "Sberbank" - the number of plastic cards as of January 1 exceeded 30 million. The Bank still prefers cards of the international MasterCard system, the number of which has exceeded 15 million. VTB 24 showed a good "spurt" by increasing the number of cards in circulation to 4 million, which as a result allowed it to immediately enter the top three.

Experts say that the "plastic" market could not help but be affected by the financial crisis. It did not avoid a fall, though not as noticeable as in the consumer lending sector, but it developed at a less aggressive pace. And the actual halt in the growth of wages, a certain wariness of the population led to a reduction in the volume of the total portfolios of banks.

Plastic cards have been and remain a profitable product for banks, so banks continue to issue them. The growth is also due to the fact that in the current situation on the market, sales of "heavy" products - mortgages and car loans - have decreased. And the demand for plastic cards and store loans, although lower than in previous years, is still quite stable.

Besides, the market of plastic cards is still very far from being saturated. For many Russians, a bank card has not become a second wallet, and they use it from time to time. Now about 30 million people actively use cards, 8 million of which are credit card holders. So the potential of the market is certainly great. There is still room to move in this direction and what to offer customers - this is paying for utilities, and accepting payments for goods, and card services, credit products, placement of funds, that is, products for accumulating funds.

But there is no need to talk about improving the culture in the use of plastic cards by the population. A plastic card in the hands of an average citizen most often appears for two reasons: the bank thus issued him a loan, or the organization is implementing a salary project with a partner bank.

For banks, payroll projects are attractive in several respects. First, it's all the same longed-for expansion of the client base. Payroll projects still account for about 90% of cards issued in Russia. Another reason is the transparency of data about the borrower.Payroll projects for banks are a certain niche, where all information about the client is presented - its reliability, financial stability,financial opportunities and so on.

The second option for attracting customers is issuing credit cards to former borrowers. Summing up, we can say that the plastic market, despite all the financial fluctuations in the banking system, has a good future. At least, market participants themselves hope so and continue to pay close attention to this segment.

2. Market research of banking plastic cards in Rossosh, Voronezh region.

To date, banks that operate in the city of Rossosh, Voronezh Region, offer an almost complete range of bank plastic cards of well-known world payment systems -VISA, EuroCard/ master card, American Expressand others, as well as cards of the Russian payment system - "Zolotaya Korona". The number of trade and service organizations attracted by banks to service cards is growing. In terms of the level of development of the bank card market, the Rossoshansky district is among the top five in the Voronezh region among the districts. The Bank is actively working with "salary" projects of the city's enterprises using bank cards, including the budgetary sphere of the city of Rossosh (education and healthcare). A salary project for a client organization is understood as a system of settlement relationships "bank - organizations - employees" organized by the bank. The purpose of such a system is to service the settlements of the organization and its employees on wages and other social payments. For organizations, when transferring wages to the bank card accounts of their employees, there is no need to have a cashier at the enterprise, there are no collection costs. For the employees themselves, the card is security, the absence of queues when receiving salaries. No need to carry a large amount of cash with you, it can be withdrawn at any time at the nearest ATM.

However, plastic cards in the city of Rossosh are still little used in the field of settlements, the largest share of transactions falls on cash withdrawals. To increase the role of plastic cards in payments, the interested work of all market participants - banks, enterprises and organizations, authorities - is necessary to expand infrastructure and improve customer service conditions. On the other hand, an important issue is to increase the financial literacy of the majority of the population. So the segment of bank cards in Rossoshsky district has development prospects.

Let us evaluate the results of a study of the use of banking plastic cards by Rossoshans. The study was conducted by a survey method among residents of Rossosh with Sberbank plastic cards in December 2014. The total sample was 100 people from 21 to 55 years old.

The results of the survey showed that Rossosh residents are already very actively using plastic cards - the share of the working-age population using plastic cards has crossed the threshold of 70%. At the same time, more than half of card users already manage not one, but several.

Distribution of answers to the question "How many cards do you have?", %

(Annex 4)

However, the range of use of cards is not yet very wide - for the most part, cards are used for cashing out and receiving salaries (this is due to the spread of salary projects for employers), and only half of users use cards to pay for purchases or services (mainly mobile phone payments).

(Annex 5)

Despite the relatively low interest on funds held on the card offered by the bank (compared to bank deposits and the profitability of other financial instruments), almost half of card users prefer to store and accumulate funds on the card. Most likely, on the one hand, this is due to the still rather low awareness of the population regarding the bank's proposals and a wide range of concerns associated with investing funds. On the other hand, the convenience of such accumulation is obvious in comparison with other ways of storing money: it is free, you can take it at any time, you do not need to draw up additional documents, you can spend money without cashing it (additional security).

Plastic card holders do not like to pay for cash withdrawals, so the vast majority of users, when withdrawing cash, are looking for "their" ATM or a bank that has an agreement on interest-free cash withdrawal.

Distribution of answers to the question "If it is necessary to withdraw cash from the card, how do you usually act?", %

(Annex 6)

The use of a plastic card, on the one hand, provides higher security compared to the use of cash, on the other hand, users are quite concerned about the prevalence of various frauds associated with plastic cards. That is why 60% of users prefer to withdraw cash either from an ATM of a bank branch or in a public place, such as the lobby of a shopping center, business center, etc., where, for example, it will be difficult to attach unauthorized equipment (camera, reader, etc.) .).

Based on the study, we can identify the following areas of developmentbanking products based on plastic cards in Sberbank.

First, it is the development of merchant acquiring. The low development of merchant acquiring is due to the following reasons. The main reason is the financial illiteracy of the population (buyers) and sellers. The population is still far from credit institutions. Cardholders do not understand all the benefits that both banking services and card payments provide. They lack incentives to use cards, and there are security and trust issues. In many trade organizations, you can see stickers of payment systems. However, when the buyer wants to pay with a card, the seller sometimes finds many reasons to take cash: the terminal does not work, there is no connection, or simply does not know how to use the device. In addition, the reluctance of trade to work with terminals is also due to the fact that all transactions are taken into account here and, therefore, "gray" operations are impossible. Using a telephone connection - dialing through the city telephone network to a modem pool - slows down the card transaction by 4-5 times, which neither cardholders nor merchants like. Banking commissions for trade organizations for non-cash payment for goods (services) and settlements can be high (up to 15%). The technical base of the bank, which must be very reliable and perfect, sometimes fails. As a result, the cardholder, faced several times with the fact that the card "does not work" for one reason or another, will prefer the usual banknotes, and it is difficult to return it back to cashless payments.

For the development of an acquiring network, a financial culture is required both on the part of sellers (who do not want to work with cards) and for customers (fear and discomfort when servicing in a store). Only constant demand from customers can drastically change the mood of sellers. In order to change the attitude of trade, it is necessary to install trading terminals in every trade and service organization, train cashiers, and encourage holders to pay for goods using plastic cards. To stimulate sellers (cashiers) and cardholders, it is necessary to carry out various incentives.marketing campaigns, jointlywith payment systems and periodically encourage cardholders who make a large number of non-cash purchases with prizes and gifts. For example, in 2013Sberbanktogether with the payment system "Zolotaya Korona" arranged the action "Pay by card! Exchange receipts for gifts". All holders of "Zolotaya Korona" cards issued by the bank could take part in it. Everyone who made a one-time purchase with a card in the amount of 700 rubles or more received a plastic card case as a present. Having accumulated checks for at least 3,000 rubles confirming payment by card for three months, customers received a T-shirt with the Golden Crown logo, and for checks in the amount of 5,000 rubles. – a travel bag with the Golden Crown logo.

Or, for example, until September 30, 2014, the Visa company is holding a campaign "Really relaxing with Visa and Rosneft". When paying with a VISA card at Rosneft gas stations (filling stations), customers receive a guaranteed prize for each purchase - a car air freshener, as well as a chance to win one of 8 trips.

Also, credit plastic cards are widely used among citizens, which are much more profitable to make purchases than to withdraw cash for a large percentage. It also motivates people to use cards when making payments.

Calculate the bank's income from the issuance of credit cards per unit. Initial data for calculating bank income on a credit card

(Annex 7)

TRADE ASSIGNMENT - the amount of money paid by a trading (services) enterprise to an acquirer for settlements on transactions using a bank card when selling a product or service ...

The issuing bank, when issuing cards and guaranteeing the fulfillment of financial obligations related to the use of a plastic card issued by it as a means of payment, may not itself be engaged in activities that ensure its acceptance by trade and service enterprises. These tasks are solved by the acquiring bank, which carries out the entire range of operations for interaction with card servicing points.

Applications

Annex 1

Quantity

bank cards,

thousand units

Total volume of transactions

using

bank cards,

million rubles

Including

upon receipt

cash,

million rubles

for payment for goods

(works and services),

million rubles

Iquarter

106 986

1828 971

1 653 463

175 508

IIquarter

174 504

2132072

1 943971

188101

IIIquarter

218 321

2 344 167

2 120 573

223 594

IVquarter

222 897

2569 793

2354 908

224 885

Annex 2

Annex 3

Bank

Number of cards as of 01.01.2015 (pcs.)

including Visa.

Including

master card

Sberbank

30 438 932

11 469 784

15 773 330

Alfa Bank

5 127 983

4 402 789

725 190

VTB 24

3 918 471

3 774 373

144 074

TransCreditBank

3 817 873

1 670 610

746 630

Rosbank

3 709 939

1 708 086

1 949 918

Transcreditbank

2 785 301

2 227 765

557 536

Appendix 4

Appendix 5

Appendix 6

Annex 7

Index

Meaning

Average monthly loan amount per card, rub.

15000

Average loan maturity, months

3

Interest rate on the loan

24%

Credit card funds:

1) withdrawn from ATMs of the bank:

88%

2) are used to pay for goods and services:

12%

Commission at ATMs of the bank on a credit card

7%

Trade rebate by credit card

5%

Annex 8

Index

Value, rub.

Bank's income following the results of 3 months of work:

1) interest on the loan

900

2) trade concession

90

3) from issuing cash at ATMs

924

Total:

1914

Over the past two years, the credit card market in Russia has been developing at a rapid pace. For example, for 9 months of 2012 the total volume of the card portfolio grew by the same amount as for the whole of 2011 (almost 62%). The growth in the number of issued credit cards reflects the successful development of this market segment. Quantitative indicators are presented in table. 1.

Table 1

Number of bank and credit cards issued by credit institutions in Russia in 2012-2013

	Total bank cards, thousand units	Credit cards, thousand units

The number of issued credit cards in 2008-2013 grew rapidly, see table. 2.

table 2

Number of credit cards issued by credit institutions in Russia in 2008-2013

The dynamics of the number of issued credit cards for 2008-2013 is shown in fig. 1.

Rice. 1.

Sberbank confidently holds the lead in terms of the number of issued credit cards; in 2013, the bank managed to increase its loan portfolio by 69.1%. It also holds the first place in terms of market share coverage, about 26% of Russians use credit cards of this particular bank.

Young players in the credit card market - Svyaznoy Bank and TCS Bank - are trying to become leaders, outpacing even such large banks as Russian Standard and OTP Bank in growth rates. VTB 24, although it held third place in the credit rating in 2012, was gradually reducing its market share against the backdrop of more active competitors - TCS Bank, Svyaznoy and Vostochny Express. At the end of 2013, VTB 24 ranked fourth. The long-term leader in the market of card products "Russian Standard", which in 2008 owned almost 50% of the market, continued to lose its positions, in 2013 its share was about 16.3%.

The TOP-5 rating of credit cards in terms of the volume of the card portfolio includes Sberbank, which is ahead of the rest by a wide margin, Russian Standard, TCS Bank, VTB 24, and Alfa-Bank. Characteristically, the credit card market is gradually passing into the hands of a few large players. At the end of 2013, the five largest players owned 61.4% of the total market, and the top ten positions in the ranking accounted for almost 80%. The dynamics of credit card portfolios of leading banks and market shares are presented in Appendix 1.

The Russian credit card market grew by 47% in 2013, which is lower than the growth rate of 2012 (82.5%). It is interesting to note that the entire retail lending market grew by only 40% in 2013. That is, we can conclude that in many respects the growth was provided by credit cards. The total volume of the portfolio of credit cards of Russian banks as of January 1, 2014 amounted to 990 billion rubles, an increase over the year amounted to 318.7 billion rubles. The growth dynamics of the credit card market (billion rubles) is shown in fig. 2.

Rice. 2.

Table 3 shows the top 10 credit card market participants in 2013, their portfolios and market shares as a percentage.

Table 3

Top 10 credit card players in 2013

In the 4th quarter of 2013, the market growth slowed down to 56 billion rubles, while in the 3rd quarter this figure was 99 billion rubles, in the 2nd quarter - 86 billion rubles, in the 1st - 75 billion rubles.

The most active banks took advantage of the general decline in growth rates at the end of the year to improve their positions. TCS Bank (3rd place in terms of portfolio) overtook VTB 24 with a portfolio of 63.3 billion rubles. and increased its market share in the fourth quarter from 7.2% to 7.5%. At the same time, VTB24 (4th place) reduced its market share from 7.2% to 6.4%. Shares of the market of credit cards for large participants are shown on fig. 3.

In 2013, Alfa-Bank moved up from 7th to 5th place, increasing its share from 4.6% to 5.7%. Svyaznoy Bank dropped from 6th to 8th place, reducing its share from 4.8% to 3.4%. OTP Bank, which overtook Svyaznoy and Vostochny Express, moved up from 8th to 6th place, while reducing its market share from 4.5% to 4%. Sberbank and Russian Standard retained their leadership, increasing their market shares to 25.5% and 16.3% from 22.2% and 15%, respectively.

Rice. 3.

The ten largest banks in the credit card market at the end of 2013 look like this: Sberbank (portfolio 252.4 billion rubles), Russian Standard (161 billion rubles), TCS Bank (74 billion rubles), VTB 24 (63.3 billion . rubles), Alfa-Bank (56.4 billion rubles), OTP Bank (39.3 billion rubles), HKF Bank (35.3 billion rubles), Svyaznoy (33.5 billion rubles), Vostochny Express (32.1 billion rubles), Moskomprivatbank (20.5 billion rubles). Top-20 in the first quarter of 2013 left SKB-bank, giving way to Transcreditbank, which entered the top twenty for the first time. Having joined the group of leaders a quarter earlier, MTS Bank continued to grow, rising from 16th to 14th place with a portfolio of 11.9 billion rubles. Bank Trust moved up from 15th to 12th place. The rest of the banks maintained their positions achieved in the third quarter.

In 2013, against the background of high competition in the credit card market, in order not to lose ground to more active players, it was necessary to show growth significantly above the market. Six of the top 10 banks increased their portfolios by more than 50% - Sberbank, Russian Standard, TCS Bank, Alfa-Bank, HKF Bank and Moskomprivatbank. These participants were able to rise in the rankings and increase their market share. Sberbank, which led the rating at the end of 2011, did not slow down its activity for the next two years. The increase in the loan portfolio to 252.4 billion rubles allowed the bank to take 25.5% of the market. At the beginning of the year, this figure was 22.1%, the retail giant increased its share during the year faster than all other market participants.

Some leaders of previous years were able to maintain their positions in the rankings due to the previously accumulated volume, but reduced their market shares. Last year, VTB 24 increased its portfolio by 30.2% (by 14.7 billion rubles), reducing its market share from 7.2% to 6.4% and moving from 3rd to 4th place. TCS Bank moved up to the 3rd position in 2013, having increased its portfolio by 54.2% (by 26 billion rubles). The share of TCS Bank in the credit card market increased from 7.1% to 7.5%. Vostochny Express Bank moved down four positions, taking 9th place and reducing its share from 6.7% to 3.2%. The reduction in the portfolio of this bank in 2013 amounted to 28.7% (12.9 billion rubles). Svyaznoy Bank dropped from 6th to 8th place over the year (portfolio growth by 3.1% to 33.5 billion rubles). Svyaznoy's market share decreased from 4.8% to 3.4%.

Rice. 4.

Alfa-Bank moved up from 7th to 5th place in the credit card portfolio rating, having managed to increase its market share from 4.6% to 5.7%. The growth of the bank's portfolio in 2013 amounted to 82.6% (25.5 billion rubles). OTP Bank, which earned two positions during the year, occupied 6th place (an increase of 56.2%), while HKF Bank fell to 9th from 7th (an increase of 31.6%). HKF Bank ranked 7th with a 79.5% increase. Rating newcomer - Moskomprivatbank closes the top ten with a portfolio growth of 95% and a market share of 2.1%. The dynamics of the credit card market in 2013 for the top ten participants is shown in Fig. 4.

In table. 4 shows data on the growth of the credit card portfolio of the eight leading banks.

Table 4

Banks Leading by Credit Card Portfolio Growth in 2013

In the context of the introduction of economic sanctions by the United States and the European Union, the country faced certain problems not only in political terms, but in the economic sphere, in particular, in the implementation of banking activities. Certain banks have lost the opportunity to enter the US and European debt markets, other private banks have been banned from making foreign exchange payments in favor of or on behalf of these banks/companies, the actual control over international payments of Russian banks and companies by Western counterparties has switched to manual control. In addition, payment systems Visa And master card stopped servicing cards issued by Rossiya and SMP Bank after the introduction of US sanctions against them. This is justified by the fact that both plastic card payment systems are American and obey the orders of the US authorities. At the same time, Russian users pay about 120 billion rubles to American payment systems. per year for using their payment cards and they have access to all information about banks and their customers. That is why the creation of a national payment system that serves its own cards is relevant.

In the economic literature, the term "plastic card" is more often used than "payment card". At the same time, a plastic card is defined as a universal payment instrument, which is an access key to managing a bank account and allows its owner to pay for goods and services in various trade and service enterprises that accept cards, receive cash, use other additional services and certain benefits. From this definition, the card can be called a payment card to a greater extent, based on the following features: a payment instrument, access to bank account management, the ability to make payments and other operations. The listed features of the map are functional.

Plastic cards get their name from the material from which they are made. They are designed to carry out the same operations as a payment card.

Recently, in the scientific literature, "co-badged" and "co-branded" cards began to be distinguished.

Type